Actual Professional Data Engineer Updated Questions

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Google Professional Data Engineer exam actual questions updated version is available, which are helpful for you to pass the test. To become Data Engineer, you are able to design, build, operationalize, secure, and monitor data processing systems with a particular emphasis on security and compliance. The new updated Professional Data Engineer questions are your best preparation material. Free Google Professional Data Engineer exam updated questions are available below.

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1. Topic 1, Main Questions Set A

Your company built a TensorFlow neural-network model with a large number of neurons and layers. The model fits well for the training data. However, when tested against new data, it performs poorly.

What method can you employ to address this?

Threading

Serialization

Dropout Methods

Dimensionality Reduction

2. You are building a model to make clothing recommendations. You know a user’s fashion preference is likely to change over time, so you build a data pipeline to stream new data back to the model as it becomes available.

How should you use this data to train the model?

Continuously retrain the model on just the new data.

Continuously retrain the model on a combination of existing data and the new data.

Train on the existing data while using the new data as your test set.

Train on the new data while using the existing data as your test set.

3. You designed a database for patient records as a pilot project to cover a few hundred patients in three clinics. Your design used a single database table to represent all patients and their visits, and you used self-joins to generate reports. The server resource utilization was at 50%. Since then, the scope of the project has expanded. The database must now store 100 times more patient records. You can no longer run the reports, because they either take too long or they encounter errors with insufficient compute resources.

How should you adjust the database design?

Add capacity (memory and disk space) to the database server by the order of 200.

Shard the tables into smaller ones based on date ranges, and only generate reports with prespecified date ranges.

Normalize the master patient-record table into the patient table and the visits table, and create other necessary tables to avoid self-join.

Partition the table into smaller tables, with one for each clinic. Run queries against the smaller table pairs, and use unions for consolidated reports.

4. You create an important report for your large team in Google Data Studio 360. The report uses Google BigQuery as its data source. You notice that visualizations are not showing data that is less than 1 hour old.

What should you do?

Disable caching by editing the report settings.

Disable caching in BigQuery by editing table details.

Refresh your browser tab showing the visualizations.

Clear your browser history for the past hour then reload the tab showing the virtualizations.

5. An external customer provides you with a daily dump of data from their database. The data flows into Google Cloud Storage GCS as comma-separated values (CSV) files. You want to analyze this data in Google BigQuery, but the data could have rows that are formatted incorrectly or corrupted.

How should you build this pipeline?

Use federated data sources, and check data in the SQL query.

Enable BigQuery monitoring in Google Stackdriver and create an alert.

Import the data into BigQuery using the gcloud CLI and set max_bad_records to 0.

Run a Google Cloud Dataflow batch pipeline to import the data into BigQuery, and push errors to another dead-letter table for analysis.

6. Your weather app queries a database every 15 minutes to get the current temperature. The frontend is powered by Google App Engine and server millions of users.

How should you design the frontend to respond to a database failure?

Issue a command to restart the database servers.

Retry the query with exponential backoff, up to a cap of 15 minutes.

Retry the query every second until it comes back online to minimize staleness of data.

Reduce the query frequency to once every hour until the database comes back online.

7. You are creating a model to predict housing prices. Due to budget constraints, you must run it on a single resource-constrained virtual machine.

Which learning algorithm should you use?

Linear regression

Logistic classification

Recurrent neural network

Feedforward neural network

8. You are building new real-time data warehouse for your company and will use Google BigQuery streaming inserts. There is no guarantee that data will only be sent in once but you do have a unique ID for each row of data and an event timestamp. You want to ensure that duplicates are not included while interactively querying data.

Which query type should you use?

Include ORDER BY DESK on timestamp column and LIMIT to 1.

Use GROUP BY on the unique ID column and timestamp column and SUM on the values.

Use the LAG window function with PARTITION by unique ID along with WHERE LAG IS NOT NUL

Use the ROW_NUMBER window function with PARTITION by unique ID along with WHERE row equals 1.

9. Your company is using WHILECARD tables to query data across multiple tables with similar names.

The SQL statement is currently failing with the following error:

# Syntax error: Expected end of statement but got “-“ at [4:11] SELECT age

FROM bigquery-public-data.noaa_gsod.gsod

WHERE age != 99

AND_TABLE_SUFFIX = ‘1929’

ORDER BY age DESC

Which table name will make the SQL statement work correctly?

‘bigquery-public-data.noaa_gsod.gsod‘

bigquery-public-data.noaa_gsod.gsod*

‘bigquery-public-data.noaa_gsod.gsod’*

‘bigquery-public-data.noaa_gsod.gsod*`

10. Your company is in a highly regulated industry. One of your requirements is to ensure individual users have access only to the minimum amount of information required to do their jobs. You want to enforce this requirement with Google BigQuery.

Which three approaches can you take? (Choose three.)

Disable writes to certain tables.

Restrict access to tables by role.

Ensure that the data is encrypted at all times.

Restrict BigQuery API access to approved users.

Segregate data across multiple tables or databases.

Use Google Stackdriver Audit Logging to determine policy violations.

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11. You are designing a basket abandonment system for an ecommerce company.

The system will send a message to a user based on these rules:

- No interaction by the user on the site for 1 hour

- Has added more than $30 worth of products to the basket

- Has not completed a transaction

You use Google Cloud Dataflow to process the data and decide if a message should be sent.

How should you design the pipeline?

Use a fixed-time window with a duration of 60 minutes.

Use a sliding time window with a duration of 60 minutes.

Use a session window with a gap time duration of 60 minutes.

Use a global window with a time based trigger with a delay of 60 minutes.

12. Your company handles data processing for a number of different clients. Each client prefers to use their own suite of analytics tools, with some allowing direct query access via Google BigQuery. You need to secure the data so that clients cannot see each other’s data. You want to ensure appropriate access to the data.

Which three steps should you take? (Choose three.)

Load data into different partitions.

Load data into a different dataset for each client.

Put each client’s BigQuery dataset into a different table.

Restrict a client’s dataset to approved users.

Only allow a service account to access the datasets.

Use the appropriate identity and access management (IAM) roles for each client’s users.

13. You want to process payment transactions in a point-of-sale application that will run on Google Cloud Platform. Your user base could grow exponentially, but you do not want to manage infrastructure scaling.

Which Google database service should you use?

Cloud SQL

BigQuery

Cloud Bigtable

Cloud Datastore

14. You want to use a database of information about tissue samples to classify future tissue samples as either normal or mutated. You are evaluating an unsupervised anomaly detection method for classifying the tissue samples.

Which two characteristic support this method? (Choose two.)

There are very few occurrences of mutations relative to normal samples.

There are roughly equal occurrences of both normal and mutated samples in the database.

You expect future mutations to have different features from the mutated samples in the database.

You expect future mutations to have similar features to the mutated samples in the database.

You already have labels for which samples are mutated and which are normal in the database.

15. You need to store and analyze social media postings in Google BigQuery at a rate of 10,000 messages per minute in near real-time. Initially, design the application to use streaming inserts for individual postings. Your application also performs data aggregations right after the streaming inserts. You discover that the queries after streaming inserts do not exhibit strong consistency, and reports from the queries might miss in-flight data.

How can you adjust your application design?

Re-write the application to load accumulated data every 2 minutes.

Convert the streaming insert code to batch load for individual messages.

Load the original message to Google Cloud SQL, and export the table every hour to BigQuery via streaming inserts.

Estimate the average latency for data availability after streaming inserts, and always run queries after waiting twice as long.

16. Your startup has never implemented a formal security policy. Currently, everyone in the company has access to the datasets stored in Google BigQuery. Teams have freedom to use the service as they see fit, and they have not documented their use cases. You have been asked to secure the data warehouse. You need to discover what everyone is doing.

What should you do first?

Use Google Stackdriver Audit Logs to review data access.

Get the identity and access management IIAM) policy of each table

Use Stackdriver Monitoring to see the usage of BigQuery query slots.

Use the Google Cloud Billing API to see what account the warehouse is being billed to.

17. Your company is migrating their 30-node Apache Hadoop cluster to the cloud. They want to re-use Hadoop jobs they have already created and minimize the management of the cluster as much as possible. They also want to be able to persist data beyond the life of the cluster.

What should you do?

Create a Google Cloud Dataflow job to process the data.

Create a Google Cloud Dataproc cluster that uses persistent disks for HDF

Create a Hadoop cluster on Google Compute Engine that uses persistent disks.

Create a Cloud Dataproc cluster that uses the Google Cloud Storage connector.

Create a Hadoop cluster on Google Compute Engine that uses Local SSD disks.

18. Business owners at your company have given you a database of bank transactions. Each row contains the user ID, transaction type, transaction location, and transaction amount. They ask you to investigate what type of machine learning can be applied to the data.

Which three machine learning applications can you use? (Choose three.)

Supervised learning to determine which transactions are most likely to be fraudulent.

Unsupervised learning to determine which transactions are most likely to be fraudulent.

Clustering to divide the transactions into N categories based on feature similarity.

Supervised learning to predict the location of a transaction.

Reinforcement learning to predict the location of a transaction.

Unsupervised learning to predict the location of a transaction.

19. Your company’s on-premises Apache Hadoop servers are approaching end-of-life, and IT has decided to migrate the cluster to Google Cloud Dataproc. A like-for-like migration of the cluster would require 50 TB of Google Persistent Disk per node. The CIO is concerned about the cost of using that much block storage. You want to minimize the storage cost of the migration.

What should you do?

Put the data into Google Cloud Storage.

Use preemptible virtual machines (VMs) for the Cloud Dataproc cluster.

Tune the Cloud Dataproc cluster so that there is just enough disk for all data.

Migrate some of the cold data into Google Cloud Storage, and keep only the hot data in Persistent Disk.

20. You work for a car manufacturer and have set up a data pipeline using Google Cloud Pub/Sub to capture anomalous sensor events. You are using a push subscription in Cloud Pub/Sub that calls a custom HTTPS endpoint that you have created to take action of these anomalous events as they occur. Your custom HTTPS endpoint keeps getting an inordinate amount of duplicate messages.

What is the most likely cause of these duplicate messages?

The message body for the sensor event is too large.

Your custom endpoint has an out-of-date SSL certificate.

The Cloud Pub/Sub topic has too many messages published to it.

Your custom endpoint is not acknowledging messages within the acknowledgement deadline.

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21. Your company uses a proprietary system to send inventory data every 6 hours to a data ingestion service in the cloud. Transmitted data includes a payload of several fields and the timestamp of the transmission. If there are any concerns about a transmission, the system re-transmits the dat a.

How should you deduplicate the data most efficiency?

Assign global unique identifiers (GUID) to each data entry.

Compute the hash value of each data entry, and compare it with all historical data.

Store each data entry as the primary key in a separate database and apply an index.

Maintain a database table to store the hash value and other metadata for each data entry.

22. Your company has hired a new data scientist who wants to perform complicated analyses across very large datasets stored in Google Cloud Storage and in a Cassandra cluster on Google Compute Engine. The scientist primarily wants to create labelled data sets for machine learning projects, along with some visualization tasks. She reports that her laptop is not powerful enough to perform her tasks and it is slowing her down. You want to help her perform her tasks.

What should you do?

Run a local version of Jupiter on the laptop.

Grant the user access to Google Cloud Shell.

Host a visualization tool on a VM on Google Compute Engine.

Deploy Google Cloud Datalab to a virtual machine (VM) on Google Compute Engine.

23. You are deploying 10,000 new Internet of Things devices to collect temperature data in your warehouses globally. You need to process, store and analyze these very large datasets in real time.

What should you do?

Send the data to Google Cloud Datastore and then export to BigQuery.

Send the data to Google Cloud Pub/Sub, stream Cloud Pub/Sub to Google Cloud Dataflow, and store the data in Google BigQuery.

Send the data to Cloud Storage and then spin up an Apache Hadoop cluster as needed in Google Cloud Dataproc whenever analysis is required.

Export logs in batch to Google Cloud Storage and then spin up a Google Cloud SQL instance, import the data from Cloud Storage, and run an analysis as needed.

24. You have spent a few days loading data from comma-separated values (CSV) files into the Google BigQuery table CLICK_STREAM. The column DT stores the epoch time of click events. For convenience, you chose a simple schema where every field is treated as the STRING type. Now, you want to compute web session durations of users who visit your site, and you want to change its data type to the TIMESTAMP. You want to minimize the migration effort without making future queries computationally expensive.

What should you do?

Delete the table CLICK_STREAM, and then re-create it such that the column DT is of the TIMESTAMP type. Reload the data.

Add a column TS of the TIMESTAMP type to the table CLICK_STREAM, and populate the numeric values from the column TS for each row. Reference the column TS instead of the column DT from now on.

Create a view CLICK_STREAM_V, where strings from the column DT are cast into TIMESTAMP values. Reference the view CLICK_STREAM_V instead of the table CLICK_STREAM from now on.

Add two columns to the table CLICK STREAM: TS of the TIMESTAMP type and IS_NEW of the BOOLEAN type. Reload all data in append mode. For each appended row, set the value of IS_NEW to true. For future queries, reference the column TS instead of the column DT, with the WHERE clause ensuring that the value of IS_NEW must be true.

Construct a query to return every row of the table CLICK_STREAM, while using the built-in function to cast strings from the column DT into TIMESTAMP values. Run the query into a destination table NEW_CLICK_STREAM, in which the column TS is the TIMESTAMP type. Reference the table NEW_CLICK_STREAM instead of the table CLICK_STREAM from now on. In the future, new data is loaded into the table NEW_CLICK_STREA

25. You want to use Google Stackdriver Logging to monitor Google BigQuery usage. You need an instant notification to be sent to your monitoring tool when new data is appended to a certain table using an insert job, but you do not want to receive notifications for other tables.

What should you do?

Make a call to the Stackdriver API to list all logs, and apply an advanced filter.

In the Stackdriver logging admin interface, and enable a log sink export to BigQuery.

In the Stackdriver logging admin interface, enable a log sink export to Google Cloud Pub/Sub, and subscribe to the topic from your monitoring tool.

Using the Stackdriver API, create a project sink with advanced log filter to export to Pub/Sub, and subscribe to the topic from your monitoring tool.

26. You are working on a sensitive project involving private user data. You have set up a project on Google Cloud Platform to house your work internally. An external consultant is going to assist with coding a complex transformation in a Google Cloud Dataflow pipeline for your project.

How should you maintain users’ privacy?

Grant the consultant the Viewer role on the project.

Grant the consultant the Cloud Dataflow Developer role on the project.

Create a service account and allow the consultant to log on with it.

Create an anonymized sample of the data for the consultant to work with in a different project.

27. You are building a model to predict whether or not it will rain on a given day. You have thousands of input features and want to see if you can improve training speed by removing some features while having a minimum effect on model accuracy.

What can you do?

Eliminate features that are highly correlated to the output labels.

Combine highly co-dependent features into one representative feature.

Instead of feeding in each feature individually, average their values in batches of 3.

Remove the features that have null values for more than 50% of the training records.

28. Your company is performing data preprocessing for a learning algorithm in Google Cloud Dataflow. Numerous data logs are being are being generated during this step, and the team wants to analyze them. Due to the dynamic nature of the campaign, the data is growing exponentially every hour.

The data scientists have written the following code to read the data for a new key features in the logs.

BigQueryIO.Read

.named(“ReadLogData”)

.from(“clouddataflow-readonly:samples.log_data”)

You want to improve the performance of this data read.

What should you do?

Specify the TableReference object in the code.

Use .fromQuery operation to read specific fields from the table.

Use of both the Google BigQuery TableSchema and TableFieldSchema classes.

Call a transform that returns TableRow objects, where each element in the PCollexction represents a single row in the table.

29. Your company is streaming real-time sensor data from their factory floor into Bigtable and they have noticed extremely poor performance.

How should the row key be redesigned to improve Bigtable performance on queries that populate real-time dashboards?

Use a row key of the form <timestamp>.

Use a row key of the form <sensorid>.

Use a row key of the form <timestamp>#<sensorid>.

Use a row key of the form >#<sensorid>#<timestamp>.

30. Your company’s customer and order databases are often under heavy load. This makes performing analytics against them difficult without harming operations. The databases are in a MySQL cluster, with nightly backups taken using MySQL dump. You want to perform analytics with minimal impact on operations.

What should you do?

Add a node to the MySQL cluster and build an OLAP cube there.

Use an ETL tool to load the data from MySQL into Google BigQuery.

Connect an on-premises Apache Hadoop cluster to MySQL and perform ET

Mount the backups to Google Cloud SQL, and then process the data using Google Cloud Dataproc.

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31. You have Google Cloud Dataflow streaming pipeline running with a Google Cloud Pub/Sub subscription as the source. You need to make an update to the code that will make the new Cloud Dataflow pipeline incompatible with the current version. You do not want to lose any data when making this update.

What should you do?

Update the current pipeline and use the drain flag.

Update the current pipeline and provide the transform mapping JSON object.

Create a new pipeline that has the same Cloud Pub/Sub subscription and cancel the old pipeline.

Create a new pipeline that has a new Cloud Pub/Sub subscription and cancel the old pipeline.

32. Your company is running their first dynamic campaign, serving different offers by analyzing real-time data during the holiday season. The data scientists are collecting terabytes of data that rapidly grows every hour during their 30-day campaign. They are using Google Cloud Dataflow to preprocess the data and collect the feature (signals) data that is needed for the machine learning model in Google Cloud Bigtable. The team is observing suboptimal performance with reads and writes of their initial load of 10 TB of data. They want to improve this performance while minimizing cost.

What should they do?

Redefine the schema by evenly distributing reads and writes across the row space of the table.

The performance issue should be resolved over time as the site of the BigDate cluster is increased.

Redesign the schema to use a single row key to identify values that need to be updated frequently in the cluster.

Redesign the schema to use row keys based on numeric IDs that increase sequentially per user viewing the offers.

33. Your software uses a simple JSON format for all messages. These messages are published to Google

Cloud Pub/Sub, then processed with Google Cloud Dataflow to create a real-time dashboard for the CFO. During testing, you notice that some messages are missing in the dashboard. You check the logs, and all messages are being published to Cloud Pub/Sub successfully.

What should you do next?

Check the dashboard application to see if it is not displaying correctly.

Run a fixed dataset through the Cloud Dataflow pipeline and analyze the output.

Use Google Stackdriver Monitoring on Cloud Pub/Sub to find the missing messages.

Switch Cloud Dataflow to pull messages from Cloud Pub/Sub instead of Cloud Pub/Sub pushing messages to Cloud Dataflow.

34. Topic 2, Flowlogistic Case Study

Company Overview

Flowlogistic is a leading logistics and supply chain provider. They help businesses throughout the world manage their resources and transport them to their final destination. The company has grown rapidly, expanding their offerings to include rail, truck, aircraft, and oceanic shipping.

Company Background

The company started as a regional trucking company, and then expanded into other logistics market. Because they have not updated their infrastructure, managing and tracking orders and shipments has become a bottleneck. To improve operations, Flowlogistic developed proprietary technology for tracking shipments in real time at the parcel level. However, they are unable to deploy it because their technology stack, based on Apache Kafka, cannot support the processing volume. In addition, Flowlogistic wants to further analyze their orders and shipments to determine how best to deploy their resources.

Solution Concept

Flowlogistic wants to implement two concepts using the cloud:

Use their proprietary technology in a real-time inventory-tracking system that indicates the location of their loads

Perform analytics on all their orders and shipment logs, which contain both structured and unstructured data, to determine how best to deploy resources, which markets to expand info. They also want to use predictive analytics to learn earlier when a shipment will be delayed.

Existing Technical Environment

Flowlogistic architecture resides in a single data center:

Databases

8 physical servers in 2 clusters

SQL Server C user data, inventory, static data

3 physical servers

Cassandra C metadata, tracking messages

10 Kafka servers C tracking message aggregation and batch insert Application servers C customer front end, middleware for order/customs

60 virtual machines across 20 physical servers

Tomcat C Java services

Nginx C static content

Batch servers

Storage appliances

iSCSI for virtual machine (VM) hosts

Fibre Channel storage area network (FC SAN) C SQL server storage

Network-attached storage (NAS) image storage, logs, backups

Apache Hadoop /Spark servers

Core Data Lake

Data analysis workloads

20 miscellaneous servers

Jenkins, monitoring, bastion hosts,

Business Requirements

Build a reliable and reproducible environment with scaled panty of production.

Aggregate data in a centralized Data Lake for analysis

Use historical data to perform predictive analytics on future shipments Accurately track every shipment worldwide using proprietary technology

Improve business agility and speed of innovation through rapid provisioning of new resources

Analyze and optimize architecture for performance in the cloud

Migrate fully to the cloud if all other requirements are met

Technical Requirements

Handle both streaming and batch data

Migrate existing Hadoop workloads

Ensure architecture is scalable and elastic to meet the changing demands of the company.

Use managed services whenever possible

Encrypt data flight and at rest

Connect a VPN between the production data center and cloud environment

SEO Statement

We have grown so quickly that our inability to upgrade our infrastructure is really hampering further growth and efficiency. We are efficient at moving shipments around the world, but we are inefficient at moving data around.

We need to organize our information so we can more easily understand where our customers are and what they are shipping.

CTO Statement

IT has never been a priority for us, so as our data has grown, we have not invested enough in our technology. I have a good staff to manage IT, but they are so busy managing our infrastructure that I cannot get them to do the things that really matter, such as organizing our data, building the analytics, and figuring out how to implement the CFO’ s tracking technology.

CFO Statement

Part of our competitive advantage is that we penalize ourselves for late shipments and deliveries. Knowing where out shipments are at all times has a direct correlation to our bottom line and profitability. Additionally, I don’t want to commit capital to building out a server environment.

Flowlogistic wants to use Google BigQuery as their primary analysis system, but they still have Apache Hadoop and Spark workloads that they cannot move to BigQuery. Flowlogistic does not know how to store the data that is common to both workloads.

What should they do?

Store the common data in BigQuery as partitioned tables.

Store the common data in BigQuery and expose authorized views.

Store the common data encoded as Avro in Google Cloud Storage.

Store he common data in the HDFS storage for a Google Cloud Dataproc cluster.

35. Flowlogistic’s management has determined that the current Apache Kafka servers cannot handle the data volume for their real-time inventory tracking system. You need to build a new system on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that will feed the proprietary tracking software. The system must be able to ingest data from a variety of global sources, process and query in real-time, and store the data reliably.

Which combination of GCP products should you choose?

Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud Dataflow, and Cloud Storage

Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud Dataflow, and Local SSD

Cloud Pub/Sub, Cloud SQL, and Cloud Storage

Cloud Load Balancing, Cloud Dataflow, and Cloud Storage

36. Flowlogistic’s CEO wants to gain rapid insight into their customer base so his sales team can be better informed in the field. This team is not very technical, so they’ve purchased a visualization tool to simplify the creation of BigQuery reports. However, they’ve been overwhelmed by all the data in the table, and are spending a lot of money on queries trying to find the data they need. You want to solve their problem in the most cost-effective way.

What should you do?

Export the data into a Google Sheet for virtualization.

Create an additional table with only the necessary columns.

Create a view on the table to present to the virtualization tool.

Create identity and access management (IAM) roles on the appropriate columns, so only they appear in a query.

37. Flowlogistic is rolling out their real-time inventory tracking system. The tracking devices will all send package-tracking messages, which will now go to a single Google Cloud Pub/Sub topic instead of the Apache Kafka cluster. A subscriber application will then process the messages for real-time reporting and store them in Google BigQuery for historical analysis. You want to ensure the package data can be analyzed over time.

Which approach should you take?

Attach the timestamp on each message in the Cloud Pub/Sub subscriber application as they are received.

Attach the timestamp and Package ID on the outbound message from each publisher device as they are sent to Clod Pub/Sub.

Use the NOW () function in BigQuery to record the event’s time.

Use the automatically generated timestamp from Cloud Pub/Sub to order the data.

38. Topic 3, MJTelco Case Study

Company Overview

MJTelco is a startup that plans to build networks in rapidly growing, underserved markets around the world. The company has patents for innovative optical communications hardware. Based on these patents, they can create many reliable, high-speed backbone links with inexpensive hardware.

Company Background

Founded by experienced telecom executives, MJTelco uses technologies originally developed to overcome communications challenges in space. Fundamental to their operation, they need to create a distributed data infrastructure that drives real-time analysis and incorporates machine learning to continuously optimize their topologies. Because their hardware is inexpensive, they plan to overdeploy the network allowing them to account for the impact of dynamic regional politics on location availability and cost.

Their management and operations teams are situated all around the globe creating many-to-many relationship between data consumers and provides in their system. After careful consideration, they decided public cloud is the perfect environment to support their needs.

Solution Concept

MJTelco is running a successful proof-of-concept (PoC) project in its labs. They have two primary needs:

Scale and harden their PoC to support significantly more data flows generated when they ramp to more than 50,000 installations.

Refine their machine-learning cycles to verify and improve the dynamic models they use to control topology definition.

MJTelco will also use three separate operating environments C development/test, staging, and production C to meet the needs of running experiments, deploying new features, and serving production customers.

Business Requirements

Scale up their production environment with minimal cost, instantiating resources when and where needed in an unpredictable, distributed telecom user community.

Ensure security of their proprietary data to protect their leading-edge machine learning and analysis. Provide reliable and timely access to data for analysis from distributed research workers

Maintain isolated environments that support rapid iteration of their machine-learning models without affecting their customers.

Technical Requirements

Ensure secure and efficient transport and storage of telemetry data

Rapidly scale instances to support between 10,000 and 100,000 data providers with multiple flows each.

Allow analysis and presentation against data tables tracking up to 2 years of data storing approximately 100m records/day

Support rapid iteration of monitoring infrastructure focused on awareness of data pipeline problems both in telemetry flows and in production learning cycles.

CEO Statement

Our business model relies on our patents, analytics and dynamic machine learning. Our inexpensive hardware is organized to be highly reliable, which gives us cost advantages. We need to quickly stabilize our large distributed data pipelines to meet our reliability and capacity commitments.

CTO Statement

Our public cloud services must operate as advertised. We need resources that scale and keep our data secure. We also need environments in which our data scientists can carefully study and quickly adapt our models. Because we rely on automation to process our data, we also need our development and test environments to work as we iterate.

CFO Statement

The project is too large for us to maintain the hardware and software required for the data and analysis. Also, we cannot afford to staff an operations team to monitor so many data feeds, so we will rely on automation and infrastructure. Google Cloud’s machine learning will allow our quantitative researchers to work on our high-value problems instead of problems with our data pipelines.

MJTelco’s Google Cloud Dataflow pipeline is now ready to start receiving data from the 50,000 installations. You want to allow Cloud Dataflow to scale its compute power up as required.

Which Cloud Dataflow pipeline configuration setting should you update?

The zone

The number of workers

The disk size per worker

The maximum number of workers

39. You need to compose visualizations for operations teams with the following requirements:

Which approach meets the requirements?

Load the data into Google Sheets, use formulas to calculate a metric, and use filters/sorting to show only suboptimal links in a table.

Load the data into Google BigQuery tables, write Google Apps Script that queries the data, calculates the metric, and shows only suboptimal rows in a table in Google Sheets.

Load the data into Google Cloud Datastore tables, write a Google App Engine Application that queries all rows, applies a function to derive the metric, and then renders results in a table using the Google charts and visualization AP

Load the data into Google BigQuery tables, write a Google Data Studio 360 report that connects to your data, calculates a metric, and then uses a filter expression to show only suboptimal rows in a table.

40. You create a new report for your large team in Google Data Studio 360. The report uses Google BigQuery as its data source. It is company policy to ensure employees can view only the data associated with their region, so you create and populate a table for each region. You need to enforce the regional access policy to the data.

Which two actions should you take? (Choose two.)

Ensure all the tables are included in global dataset.

Ensure each table is included in a dataset for a region.

Adjust the settings for each table to allow a related region-based security group view access.

Adjust the settings for each view to allow a related region-based security group view access.

Adjust the settings for each dataset to allow a related region-based security group view access.

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41. MJTelco needs you to create a schema in Google Bigtable that will allow for the historical analysis of the last 2 years of records. Each record that comes in is sent every 15 minutes, and contains a unique identifier of the device and a data record. The most common query is for all the data for a given device for a given day.

Which schema should you use?

Rowkey: date#device_idColumn data: data_point

Rowkey: dateColumn data: device_id, data_point

Rowkey: device_idColumn data: date, data_point

Rowkey: data_pointColumn data: device_id, date

Rowkey: date#data_pointColumn data: device_id

42. MJTelco is building a custom interface to share data. They have these requirements:

They need to do aggregations over their petabyte-scale datasets.

They need to scan specific time range rows with a very fast response time (milliseconds).

Which combination of Google Cloud Platform products should you recommend?

Cloud Datastore and Cloud Bigtable

Cloud Bigtable and Cloud SQL

BigQuery and Cloud Bigtable

BigQuery and Cloud Storage

43. You need to compose visualization for operations teams with the following requirements:

Telemetry must include data from all 50,000 installations for the most recent 6 weeks (sampling once every minute)

The report must not be more than 3 hours delayed from live data.

The actionable report should only show suboptimal links.

Most suboptimal links should be sorted to the top.

Suboptimal links can be grouped and filtered by regional geography.

User response time to load the report must be <5 seconds.

You create a data source to store the last 6 weeks of data, and create visualizations that allow viewers to see multiple date ranges, distinct geographic regions, and unique installation types. You always show the latest data without any changes to your visualizations. You want to avoid creating and updating new visualizations each month.

What should you do?

Look through the current data and compose a series of charts and tables, one for each possible combination of criteria.

Look through the current data and compose a small set of generalized charts and tables bound to criteria filters that allow value selection.

Export the data to a spreadsheet, compose a series of charts and tables, one for each possible combination of criteria, and spread them across multiple tabs.

Load the data into relational database tables, write a Google App Engine application that queries all rows, summarizes the data across each criteria, and then renders results using the Google Charts and visualization AP

44. Given the record streams MJTelco is interested in ingesting per day, they are concerned about the cost of Google BigQuery increasing. MJTelco asks you to provide a design solution. They require a single large data table called tracking_table. Additionally, they want to minimize the cost of daily queries while performing fine-grained analysis of each day’s events. They also want to use streaming ingestion.

What should you do?

Create a table called tracking_table and include a DATE column.

Create a partitioned table called tracking_table and include a TIMESTAMP column.

Create sharded tables for each day following the pattern tracking_table_YYYYMMD

Create a table called tracking_table with a TIMESTAMP column to represent the day.

45. Topic 4, Main Questions Set B

Your company has recently grown rapidly and now ingesting data at a significantly higher rate than it was previously. You manage the daily batch MapReduce analytics jobs in Apache Hadoop. However, the recent increase in data has meant the batch jobs are falling behind. You were asked to recommend ways the development team could increase the responsiveness of the analytics without increasing costs.

What should you recommend they do?

Rewrite the job in Pig.

Rewrite the job in Apache Spark.

Increase the size of the Hadoop cluster.

Decrease the size of the Hadoop cluster but also rewrite the job in Hive.

46. You work for a large fast food restaurant chain with over 400,000 employees. You store employee information in Google BigQuery in a Users table consisting of a FirstName field and a LastName field. A member of IT is building an application and asks you to modify the schema and data in BigQuery so the application can query a FullName field consisting of the value of the FirstName field concatenated with a space, followed by the value of the LastName field for each employee.

How can you make that data available while minimizing cost?

Create a view in BigQuery that concatenates the FirstName and LastName field values to produce the FullName.

Add a new column called FullName to the Users table. Run an UPDATE statement that updates the FullName column for each user with the concatenation of the FirstName and LastName values.

Create a Google Cloud Dataflow job that queries BigQuery for the entire Users table, concatenates the FirstName value and LastName value for each user, and loads the proper values for FirstName, LastName, and FullName into a new table in BigQuery.

Use BigQuery to export the data for the table to a CSV file. Create a Google Cloud Dataproc job to process the CSV file and output a new CSV file containing the proper values for FirstName, LastName and FullName. Run a BigQuery load job to load the new CSV file into BigQuery.

47. You are deploying a new storage system for your mobile application, which is a media streaming service. You decide the best fit is Google Cloud Datastore. You have entities with multiple properties, some of which can take on multiple values. For example, in the entity ‘Movie’ the property ‘actors’

and the property ‘tags’ have multiple values but the property ‘date released’ does not. A typical query would ask for all movies with actor=<actorname> ordered by date_released or all movies with tag=Comedy ordered by date_released.

How should you avoid a combinatorial explosion in the number of indexes?

Option A

Option

Option C

Option D

48. You work for a manufacturing plant that batches application log files together into a single log file once a day at 2:00 AM. You have written a Google Cloud Dataflow job to process that log file. You need to make sure the log file in processed once per day as inexpensively as possible.

What should you do?

Change the processing job to use Google Cloud Dataproc instead.

Manually start the Cloud Dataflow job each morning when you get into the office.

Create a cron job with Google App Engine Cron Service to run the Cloud Dataflow job.

Configure the Cloud Dataflow job as a streaming job so that it processes the log data immediately.

49. You work for an economic consulting firm that helps companies identify economic trends as they happen. As part of your analysis, you use Google BigQuery to correlate customer data with the average prices of the 100 most common goods sold, including bread, gasoline, milk, and others. The average prices of these goods are updated every 30 minutes. You want to make sure this data stays up to date so you can combine it with other data in BigQuery as cheaply as possible.

What should you do?

Load the data every 30 minutes into a new partitioned table in BigQuery.

Store and update the data in a regional Google Cloud Storage bucket and create a federated data source in BigQuery

Store the data in Google Cloud Datastore. Use Google Cloud Dataflow to query BigQuery and combine the data programmatically with the data stored in Cloud Datastore

Store the data in a file in a regional Google Cloud Storage bucket. Use Cloud Dataflow to query BigQuery and combine the data programmatically with the data stored in Google Cloud Storage.

50. You are designing the database schema for a machine learning-based food ordering service that will predict what users want to eat.

Here is some of the information you need to store:

The user profile: What the user likes and doesn’t like to eat

The user account information: Name, address, preferred meal times

The order information: When orders are made, from where, to whom

The database will be used to store all the transactional data of the product.

You want to optimize the data schema.

Which Google Cloud Platform product should you use?

BigQuery

Cloud SQL

Cloud Bigtable

Cloud Datastore

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51. Your company is loading comma-separated values (CSV) files into Google BigQuery. The data is fully imported successfully; however, the imported data is not matching byte-to-byte to the source file.

What is the most likely cause of this problem?

The CSV data loaded in BigQuery is not flagged as CS

The CSV data has invalid rows that were skipped on import.

The CSV data loaded in BigQuery is not using BigQuery’s default encoding.

The CSV data has not gone through an ETL phase before loading into BigQuery.

52. Your company produces 20,000 files every hour. Each data file is formatted as a comma separated values (CSV) file that is less than 4 KB. All files must be ingested on Google Cloud Platform before they can be processed. Your company site has a 200 ms latency to Google Cloud, and your Internet connection bandwidth is limited as 50 Mbps. You currently deploy a secure FTP (SFTP) server on a virtual machine in Google Compute Engine as the data ingestion point. A local SFTP client runs on a dedicated machine to transmit the CSV files as is. The goal is to make reports with data from the previous day available to the executives by 10:00 a.m. each day. This design is barely able to keep up with the current volume, even though the bandwidth utilization is rather low.

You are told that due to seasonality, your company expects the number of files to double for the next three months.

Which two actions should you take? (choose two.)

Introduce data compression for each file to increase the rate file of file transfer.

Contact your internet service provider (ISP) to increase your maximum bandwidth to at least 100 Mbps.

Redesign the data ingestion process to use gsutil tool to send the CSV files to a storage bucket in parallel.

Assemble 1,000 files into a tape archive (TAR) file. Transmit the TAR files instead, and disassemble the CSV files in the cloud upon receiving them.

Create an S3-compatible storage endpoint in your network, and use Google Cloud Storage Transfer Service to transfer on-premices data to the designated storage bucket.

53. You are choosing a NoSQL database to handle telemetry data submitted from millions of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices. The volume of data is growing at 100 TB per year, and each data entry has about 100 attributes. The data processing pipeline does not require atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID). However, high availability and low latency are required.

You need to analyze the data by querying against individual fields.

Which three databases meet your requirements? (Choose three.)

Redis

HBase

MySQL

MongoDB

Cassandra

HDFS with Hive

54. Topic 5, Practice Questions

Suppose you have a table that includes a nested column called "city" inside a column called "person", but when you try to submit the following query in BigQuery, it gives you an error. SELECT person FROM `project1.example.table1` WHERE city = "London"

How would you correct the error?

Add ", UNNEST(person)" before the WHERE clause.

Change "person" to "person.city".

Change "person" to "city.person".

Add ", UNNEST(city)" before the WHERE clause.

55. What are two of the benefits of using denormalized data structures in BigQuery?

Reduces the amount of data processed, reduces the amount of storage required

Increases query speed, makes queries simpler

Reduces the amount of storage required, increases query speed

Reduces the amount of data processed, increases query speed

56. Which of these statements about exporting data from BigQuery is false?

To export more than 1 GB of data, you need to put a wildcard in the destination filename.

The only supported export destination is Google Cloud Storage.

Data can only be exported in JSON or Avro format.

The only compression option available is GZI

57. What are all of the BigQuery operations that Google charges for?

Storage, queries, and streaming inserts

Storage, queries, and loading data from a file

Storage, queries, and exporting data

Queries and streaming inserts

58. Which of the following is not possible using primitive roles?

Give a user viewer access to BigQuery and owner access to Google Compute Engine instances.

Give UserA owner access and UserB editor access for all datasets in a project.

Give a user access to view all datasets in a project, but not run queries on them.

Give GroupA owner access and GroupB editor access for all datasets in a project.

59. Which of these statements about BigQuery caching is true?

By default, a query's results are not cached.

BigQuery caches query results for 48 hours.

Query results are cached even if you specify a destination table.

There is no charge for a query that retrieves its results from cache.

60. Which of these sources can you not load data into BigQuery from?

File upload

Google Drive

Google Cloud Storage

Google Cloud SQL

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61. Which of the following statements about Legacy SQL and Standard SQL is not true?

Standard SQL is the preferred query language for BigQuery.

If you write a query in Legacy SQL, it might generate an error if you try to run it with Standard SQ

One difference between the two query languages is how you specify fully-qualified table names (i.e. table names that include their associated project name).

You need to set a query language for each dataset and the default is Standard SQ

62. How would you query specific partitions in a BigQuery table?

Use the DAY column in the WHERE clause

Use the EXTRACT(DAY) clause

Use the __PARTITIONTIME pseudo-column in the WHERE clause

Use DATE BETWEEN in the WHERE clause

63. Which SQL keyword can be used to reduce the number of columns processed by BigQuery?

BETWEEN

WHERE

SELECT

LIMIT

64. To give a user read permission for only the first three columns of a table, which access control method would you use?

Primitive role

Predefined role

Authorized view

It's not possible to give access to only the first three columns of a table.

65. What are two methods that can be used to denormalize tables in BigQuery?

1) Split table into multiple tables; 2) Use a partitioned table

1) Join tables into one table; 2) Use nested repeated fields

1) Use a partitioned table; 2) Join tables into one table

1) Use nested repeated fields; 2) Use a partitioned table

66. Which of these is not a supported method of putting data into a partitioned table?

If you have existing data in a separate file for each day, then create a partitioned table and upload each file into the appropriate partition.

Run a query to get the records for a specific day from an existing table and for the destination table, specify a partitioned table ending with the day in the format "$YYYYMMDD".

Create a partitioned table and stream new records to it every day.

Use ORDER BY to put a table's rows into chronological order and then change the table's type to "Partitioned".

67. Which of these operations can you perform from the BigQuery Web UI?

Upload a file in SQL format.

Load data with nested and repeated fields.

Upload a 20 MB file.

Upload multiple files using a wildcard.

68. Which methods can be used to reduce the number of rows processed by BigQuery?

Splitting tables into multiple tables; putting data in partitions

Splitting tables into multiple tables; putting data in partitions; using the LIMIT clause

Putting data in partitions; using the LIMIT clause

Splitting tables into multiple tables; using the LIMIT clause

69. Why do you need to split a machine learning dataset into training data and test data?

So you can try two different sets of features

To make sure your model is generalized for more than just the training data

To allow you to create unit tests in your code

So you can use one dataset for a wide model and one for a deep model

70. Which of these numbers are adjusted by a neural network as it learns from a training dataset (select 2 answers)?

Weights

Biases

Continuous features

Input values

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71. The CUSTOM tier for Cloud Machine Learning Engine allows you to specify the number of which types of cluster nodes?

Workers

Masters, workers, and parameter servers

Workers and parameter servers

Parameter servers

72. Which software libraries are supported by Cloud Machine Learning Engine?

Theano and TensorFlow

Theano and Torch

TensorFlow

TensorFlow and Torch

73. Which TensorFlow function can you use to configure a categorical column if you don't know all of the possible values for that column?

categorical_column_with_vocabulary_list

categorical_column_with_hash_bucket

categorical_column_with_unknown_values

sparse_column_with_keys

74. Which of the following statements about the Wide & Deep Learning model are true? (Select 2 answers.)

The wide model is used for memorization, while the deep model is used for generalization.

A good use for the wide and deep model is a recommender system.

The wide model is used for generalization, while the deep model is used for memorization.

A good use for the wide and deep model is a small-scale linear regression problem.

75. To run a TensorFlow training job on your own computer using Cloud Machine Learning Engine, what would your command start with?

gcloud ml-engine local train

gcloud ml-engine jobs submit training

gcloud ml-engine jobs submit training local

You can't run a TensorFlow program on your own computer using Cloud ML Engine .

76. If you want to create a machine learning model that predicts the price of a particular stock based on its recent price history, what type of estimator should you use?

Unsupervised learning

Regressor

Classifier

Clustering estimator

77. Suppose you have a dataset of images that are each labeled as to whether or not they contain a human face.

To create a neural network that recognizes human faces in images using this labeled dataset, what approach would likely be the most effective?

Use K-means Clustering to detect faces in the pixels.

Use feature engineering to add features for eyes, noses, and mouths to the input data.

Use deep learning by creating a neural network with multiple hidden layers to automatically detect features of faces.

Build a neural network with an input layer of pixels, a hidden layer, and an output layer with two categories.

78. What are two of the characteristics of using online prediction rather than batch prediction?

It is optimized to handle a high volume of data instances in a job and to run more complex models.

Predictions are returned in the response message.

Predictions are written to output files in a Cloud Storage location that you specify.

It is optimized to minimize the latency of serving predictions.

79. Which of these are examples of a value in a sparse vector? (Select 2 answers.)

[0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 0]

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]

[0, 1]

[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]

80. How can you get a neural network to learn about relationships between categories in a categorical feature?

Create a multi-hot column

Create a one-hot column

Create a hash bucket

Create an embedding column

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81. If a dataset contains rows with individual people and columns for year of birth, country, and income, how many of the columns are continuous and how many are categorical?

1 continuous and 2 categorical

3 categorical

3 continuous

2 continuous and 1 categorical

82. Which of the following are examples of hyperparameters? (Select 2 answers.)

Number of hidden layers

Number of nodes in each hidden layer

Biases

Weights

Actual Professional Data Engineer Updated Questions

Actual Professional Data Engineer Updated Questions

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